A face-centred cubic lattice gives a tessellation of space with rhombic dodecahedra.A hexagonal close-packed lattice gives a tessellation of space with trapezo-rhombic dodecahedra.A simple cubic lattice gives the cubic honeycomb.A 2D lattice gives an irregular honeycomb tessellation, with equal hexagons with point symmetry in the case of a regular triangular lattice it is regular in the case of a rectangular lattice the hexagons reduce to rectangles in rows and columns a square lattice gives the regular tessellation of squares note that the rectangles and the squares can also be generated by other lattices (for example the lattice defined by the vectors (1,0) and (1/2,1/2) gives squares).Voronoi tessellations of regular lattices of points in two or three dimensions give rise to many familiar tessellations. In general, a cross section of a 3D Voronoi tessellation is not a 2D Voronoi tessellation itself. This is a slice of the Voronoi diagram of a random set of points in a 3D box. Other equivalent names for this concept (or particular important cases of it): Voronoi polyhedra, Voronoi polygons, domain(s) of influence, Voronoi decomposition, Voronoi tessellation(s), Dirichlet tessellation(s). Voronoi diagrams that are used in geophysics and meteorology to analyse spatially distributed data (such as rainfall measurements) are called Thiessen polygons after American meteorologist Alfred H. Voronoi diagrams are named after Georgy Feodosievych Voronoy who defined and studied the general n-dimensional case in 1908. Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet used two-dimensional and three-dimensional Voronoi diagrams in his study of quadratic forms in 1850.īritish physician John Snow used a Voronoi-like diagram in 1854 to illustrate how the majority of people who died in the Broad Street cholera outbreak lived closer to the infected Broad Street pump than to any other water pump. Informal use of Voronoi diagrams can be traced back to Descartes in 1644. As shown there, this property does not hold in general, even if the space is two-dimensional (but non-uniformly convex, and, in particular, non-Euclidean) and the sites are points. This is the geometric stability of Voronoi diagrams. Under relatively general conditions (the space is a possibly infinite-dimensional uniformly convex space, there can be infinitely many sites of a general form, etc.) Voronoi cells enjoy a certain stability property: a small change in the shapes of the sites, e.g., a change caused by some translation or distortion, yields a small change in the shape of the Voronoi cells.As shown there, this property does not necessarily hold when the distance is not attained. If the space is a normed space and the distance to each site is attained (e.g., when a site is a compact set or a closed ball), then each Voronoi cell can be represented as a union of line segments emanating from the sites.Then two points of the set are adjacent on the convex hull if and only if their Voronoi cells share an infinitely long side. Assume the setting is the Euclidean plane and a discrete set of points is given.The closest pair of points corresponds to two adjacent cells in the Voronoi diagram.The dual graph for a Voronoi diagram (in the case of a Euclidean space with point sites) corresponds to the Delaunay triangulation for the same set of points.The corresponding Voronoi diagrams look different for different distance metrics. In the simplest case, shown in the first picture, we are given a finite set of points. Voronoi diagrams have practical and theoretical applications in many fields, mainly in science and technology, but also in visual art. Voronoi cells are also known as Thiessen polygons. The Voronoi diagram is named after mathematician Georgy Voronoy, and is also called a Voronoi tessellation, a Voronoi decomposition, a Voronoi partition, or a Dirichlet tessellation (after Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet). The Voronoi diagram of a set of points is dual to that set's Delaunay triangulation. For each seed there is a corresponding region, called a Voronoi cell, consisting of all points of the plane closer to that seed than to any other. In the simplest case, these objects are just finitely many points in the plane (called seeds, sites, or generators). In mathematics, a Voronoi diagram is a partition of a plane into regions close to each of a given set of objects. 20 points and their Voronoi cells (larger version below)
0 Comments
Per USMNT defender Tim Ream, Fulham had interest around the time Leeds signed him, while clubs like Aston Villa and Bournemouth were also said to have wanted to bolster their midfield by adding McKennie. Earlier in July, ESPN said that McKennie had held talks with Borussia Dortmund over a return to the Bundesliga, where he spent five years with Schalke. He may already have some solid options to choose from. That means that even though Juventus is apparently doing the soccer club equivalent of throwing his stuff out the window and telling him to get lost, they will probably be looking for a hefty transfer fee out of any club that shows interest in the all-action 24-year-old. McKennie’s contract in Turin runs through the end of the 2025 season. Sadly for McKennie, it appears that Juventus spent the meantime finalizing a future that didn’t include the Texas native. Leeds reportedly spent €1.2 million on the initial loan, and held a purchase option worth as much as €33 million. However, after crumbling in the back half of the season, it was little surprise that the relegated club didn’t pony up that big fee. The USMNT man had already left Juventus once this year, with Leeds bringing him in on a half-season loan back in January amid rumored interest from several Premier League teams. That leaves McKennie in limbo, though he may have already sensed that he’d be playing elsewhere in the 2023-24 season. preseason tour.Īccording to an additional report from Football Italia, Juventus has gone as far as telling McKennie - along with longtime club captain Leonardo Bonucci, and possibly others yet to be named - to train away from the rest of the first team, effectively cutting off all face-to-face contact. Per Fabrizio Romano and Goal, the Italian power informed McKennie that he is no longer in their plans, and would be excluded from the club’s U.S. men’s national team midfielder is among them. Reports on Thursday said that Juve will effectively wash its hands of several players, and the U.S. It looks like Juventus is ready to push Weston McKennie out the door. The number of youth killed by firearms in the Virginia capital was recently three times the national rate, according to Mayor Stoney. KHALIL: 2021 saw 90 homicides in Richmond, a 15-year high. LEVAR STONEY: The question that comes in my mind right now is, is nothing sacred any longer? Richmond Mayor Levar Stoney seemed to be too. KHALIL: Kamras was emotional and appeared to be holding back tears. And I beg of the entire community to stop, to just stop. JASON KAMRAS: I'm tired of seeing people get shot, our kids get shot. School administrators didn't even take off their graduation robes, including Superintendent Jason Kamras, who spoke to reporters afterwards. Families and students hunkered down in nearby buildings for hours. Edwards says the suspect knew one of the victims. KHALIL: A 19-year-old man was arrested carrying four handguns. Some were injured as they fled, including a 9-year-old girl who was hit by a car.ĮDWARDS: And it's just incredibly tragic that someone decided to bring a gun to this incident and reign terror on our community. He said hundreds of people started running in every direction as the shots continued over and over again. KHALIL: Interim Richmond Police Chief Rick Edwards described the chaotic scene. People should have felt safe at a graduation. RICK EDWARDS: Obviously, this should have been a safe space. They then headed outside to a park across the street to celebrate with family and friends. JAHD KHALIL, BYLINE: Tuesday afternoon, seniors from Huguenot High School walked across a stage to get their diplomas. At least two have died, including a student who had just graduated. In Richmond, Va., something that's happening all too often - a joyous event in this case, a high school graduation - abruptly turning to terror when a shooter opened fire. The Forbes Advisor editorial team is independent and objective. The rates shown are for Fixed Rate CDs with opening deposits of between $1,000 and $24,999.99 in New York’s 10001 ZIP code. PNC’s rates vary depending on your ZIP code. You can open CDs with terms between three months and 36 months online, while opening other length CDs requires visiting one of PNC’s local branches. A $1,000 minimum deposit is required to open a Fixed Rate CD. PNC Fixed Certificates of Deposit are available in a host of terms ranging from seven days to 10 years. PNC is also home to two types of certificates of deposit (CDs). The money market account features unlimited deposits and a PNC debit card. Rates range from 2.80% to 3.50% APY, depending on your balance and whether you qualify for relationship rates. The PNC Premiere Money Market Account, available in select markets. Geared toward younger kids, account holders have access to an interactive banking learning center, including tips from Sesame Street characters. The savings account earns 0.01% on all balances. A $25 minimum deposit is required to open an account. The PNC ‘S’ is for Savings® is PNC’s savings account for children. There is a $25 minimum deposit required to open the PNC Standard Savings Account. Like most of the bank’s other deposit accounts, it features relatively low interest rates. PNC also offers a Standard Savings Account. The account features no minimum opening deposit or ongoing balance and no monthly service charges. This online-only savings account features a more competitive rate currently at 4.65% APY. The savings account earns between 0.01% and 0.03% APY depending on your balance and whether you meet monthly requirements for relationship rates.Įligible markets also have access to the PNC High Yield Savings℠. The third account that makes up PNC’s Virtual Wallet is the PNC Virtual Wallet with Growth (“Growth”). In certain markets, the package is called Virtual Wallet Checking Pro, and can be configured with just the Spend account or with the Spend, Reserve and Growth accounts. The military version features reduced qualifying requirements for waived monthly fees. The Student Virtual Wallet comes with extra benefits for up to six years, including no monthly service fees. Versions of PNC’s Virtual Wallet are also available as options for student and military banking. Although it’s an interest-bearing account, it only earns 0.01% APY on all balances over $1. It’s designed to help customers save for upcoming or unforeseen expenses. PNC Virtual Wallet with Reserve (“Reserve”) is an interest-bearing checking account. If you’re ever at risk of overdraft on your Spend account, PNC will automatically move funds over from your Reserve or Growth account. You’ll also receive a $5 fee reimbursement per statement cycle for ATM fees charged by other financial institutions.Īnother interesting feature included with Virtual Wallet is double overdraft protection. Unlike some banks, PNC does charge a fee for out-of-network ATM use, although it waives the first two fee charges per statement cycle. The account also comes with a free debit card and access to PNC’s fee-free ATM network. There’s no minimum deposit requirement to open a Spend account online. PNC Virtual Wallet with Performance Spend (“Spend”) is the primary checking account and is a fairly standard checking account that does not earn interest. Two out of three accounts within PNC’s Virtual Wallet are checking accounts. Here’s a look at the various accounts available through PNC. There are different iterations of the Virtual Wallet available based on customer needs. You also will be asked to enter your ZIP code on various pages to be sure you’re viewing the correct interest rates and offers. The bank packages three accounts together in what it refers to as its Virtual Wallet. Banking with PNC-as presented on its corporate website-is somewhat confusing, especially if you are looking for stand-alone accounts. In reality, there is actually nothing called a Right Budget Template. Another way of doing this is to start with the income in mind and preparing a list towards meeting the total How to Choose the Right Budget Template List out all that you need to do and then prune them to arrive at the total figure, which is your income. If you are not the guy who likes to live a budgeted life but get stuck due to lack of the much-needed vitamin, add some spice to your financial planning. Having control over the money we have is a better position to enjoy than spending in an unwise manner only to become a puppet in the hands of money at a later stage Business Budget Template Example Business Budget Templateĭownload Some Different Approaches to Budgeting Compare your expenses over an extension of period so you can witness clearly where your money seeps outĪll of us want to live a life filled with money and budgeting is the only way to reach that stage early in life While we have the right to decide what to do with our income, we are the only ones who have the responsibility to invest the same in a prudent manner for our own future safety.Have the ‘Savings’ head on the top of your budgeting plan.Link your savings to your long term goals as a part of budgeting.Be honest about your broad handedness so you can consciously curtail unwanted expenses.To clearly differentiate between your basic necessities and luxuries.The template clearly shows the excess or shortfall of income and expenses after planning for the necessities Budgeting tips The basic thumb rule for creating a budget is It will help prepare a feasible budget to handle things sandwiched between income and expenses. A budget template captures end to end aspects of costing from an income and expense angle. These templates are available in simple formats in MS Excel as well as regular applications in which the budgeting aspects are covered. Budgeting templates are available for personal as well as official purposes. At the time… I think it’s… 2010? 2013? Around there? The Squirt line included a PS4 edition for Electricians. Everyone had ideas of which model to get her, but ultimately it came down to trusting her Husband to guess, or trusting me to know what the whole line of Leatherman tools could do, and recommend the best. Everyone, including her Husband, wanted her to be more specific, including me. I learned of this new trend for women called a “Push Gift”… From what I understand, it’s a gift given by their friends as a celebration of them having their first child. There was a time when my friend Sarah was going to have her first child. But a multi-tool is small, discreet, and far more useful than a bag full of tools that a user cannot or won’t have with them at all times. This seems to be a common argument by those who don’t see the need for a multi-tool and lack the imagination to understand others’ needs and wants might be different. Price: $40 (Rev) to $60 (Wingman or Sidekick)īuy Now via Amazon “But Real Tools are Better” The Wingman, Sidekick, and Rev are a good starting point for users who might eventually work their way up, and for casual users who can’t justify spending more. It can be hard to justify the $100 and up pricing of Leatherman’s Wave, Charge, and Surge models. In my experiences, these tools are capable, appropriately featured, and well-made, but there are some compromises in design and function so as to make them more affordable than Leatherman’s flagship tools. For someone who thinks they might start carrying a multi-tool for regular use, such as anyone starting down the EDC (everyday carry) rabbit hole, these are all good starter tools.Īs potential starter tools, these tools will still be useful in the future should the user seek to upgrade to something better. The Rev, Wingman, or Sidekick are all a good fit for users who want to toss a “pocket tool box” into a safe place just in case a task comes up. There are two types of multi-tool users, those who toss a tool into their glovebox or junk drawer at home or work, and those who carry a multi-tool regularly in case they’re caught wanting to complete a task without any regular hand tools. I have had good experiences with the Wingman and Sidekick, and I have purchased several of each over the years to give as gifts. The Rev is okay, but in my mind it works better as a backup or more casual use tool. Leatherman Rev Multi-ToolĪ few years later, motivated by rising prices, Leatherman also released the more affordable Rev, priced at $40. When the Leatherman Wingman and Sidekick multi-tools came out, they seemed to be the brand’s then-new affordable models. The “standard” Skeletool is now available in several color options, and there are also specialty versions such as with an upgraded knife blade or carbide glass breaking point for rescuers.īuy Now via Amazon Leatherman Wingman, Sidekick, or Rev Leatherman Wingman (left) and Sidekick (right) Multi-Tools There are several versions of the Skeletool. The bit holder works with Leatherman’s double-ended screwdriver bits and also their drive adapters.Ī carabiner clip makes for easier carrying, and it also has a built-in bottle opener. It’s a minimalist tool with few functions, but there are a lot of times when all you really need is a knife, pliers, and screwdriver. This is one of my favorite multi-tools of all the time. With its unique skeletonized-frame design, the Leatherman Skeletool has become one of the most iconic multi-tools on the market. I know what some of you might be thinking – “$70 is for beginners?!” The fact of the matter is that Leatherman’s prices have gone up over the years. To me, the Rebar is a great occasional-use tool, backup tool, or primary tool for users that might also carry a folding knife or other main cutting tool. The pliers are strong, and with replaceable cutter blades. If you want to use either of the knife blades, for instance, you have to first fold the entire tool open. The Rebar is more compact than more popular multi-tools, such as the Wave Plus, but that’s also because it doesn’t have any outside-accessible tools. I reviewed the Leatherman Rebar multi-tool when it first came out, and have since purchased another one. If you’re looking for a small multi-tool and don’t care very much about having stronger scissors or pliers, Victorinox’s Swiss Army Knives are a great alternative. This is a SMALL tool.īuy Now via Amazon Also Consider: Style PS, Micra The Squirt PS4 measures 2.25″ closed and has a 1.6″ blade length. That’s not to say that Leatherman’s smaller keychain-sized tools should be dismissed, but they can be harder sells despite their slightly lower pricing. Installation costs for each system was assumed to be 50% of the capital cost. Budgetary quotations were obtained for a dual 2 ½ ton per hour (TPH) detention slaker and a 3 TPH Verti-mill slaker. There is no hard data on how much the lime consumption would increase compared to using slaked lime, but a chemist with on the project estimates lime consumption would increase 5 – 10%.Īn economic comparison of the three lime addition systems was done. Lime particles will continue to react under non-optimum conditions until a coating forms on the particle surface. The lime to water ratio and temperature in a SAG mill environment are not optimal to produce fine calcium hydroxide particles. The pebble lime addition and hydrated lime systems were considered to be cleaner and easier to operate.Ĭalcium hydroxide particle size, and the resulting surface area, is dependent on the lime slaking temperature. Test work has indicated that adding reagents to the grinding mill increases recovery. A smaller supplemental system would then be required for final pH control of the rougher and cleaner flotation circuits. For a copper concentrator which will have one primary grinding line, so the primary pH control could be accomplished with pebble lime addition to the SAG mill feed belt. The revived cost estimate carried extra cost for a milk of lime tank and showed the verti-mill and 500 ton silo at zero cost. This test work indicates improved copper and molybdenum recovery and concentrate grade at a rougher pH of 10.8.Īn earlier proposed lime addition system was changed from a verti-mill slaker to the currently proposed pebble lime / hydrated lime system. Initial flotation test work conducted included a box statistical study that compared grind size, reagent schemes, and pH. Due to the increased reagent usage and cost of hydrated lime to achieve the same pH impact, the proposed lime addition system will have the highest operating costs of the three possible systems. The operating costs are dependent on the slaker efficiency, hydrated lime consumption, proportion of pebble lime used, and slaker grit loss. The proposed system is the lowest capital cost option available. Other lime delivery options are detention slakers and Verti-mill slakers. A pebble lime silo will dose dry lime to the SAG mill feed belt a hydrated lime make down system will provide slurry lime to multiple addition points in the flotation circuit. A lime slaking and addition system can consists of two systems to control the pH in the rougher and cleaner flotation circuits. Follow the steps below to remove app leftovers from Google Drive for Mac. These files will remain on your Mac unless you remove them as well. When you installed Google Drive for Mac, the process created other files necessary for running the app. Remove Google Drive for Mac App Leftovers These include Google Docs, Google Sheets, and Google Slides. While you’re at it, you might want to do the same to the other Google apps that got installed with Google Drive for Mac. Click Move to Trash from the contextual menu.Open the Finder app, then right-click on Google Drive.Select Google Drive and click Force Quit. If Google Drive for Mac remains open, you may need to force quit it by simply clicking the Apple Menu > Force Quit. But first, you need to quit the app by clicking on the Google Drive icon at the menu bar on top, then Quit. The fastest way to uninstall Google Drive for Mac is to drag it into the Trash. Click the Settings icon in the dialog box.Click the Settings icon, then select Preferences from the contextual menu.Click on the Google Drive icon from Mac’s menu bar.To disconnect Google Drive for Mac, follow the steps below. So, before you can completely remove Google Drive on your Mac you must first disconnect it from your Google account. Hence you may not be aware that you’ve been using your 15GB storage limit. This means that when you dump files and photos into your Google Drive folder on your Mac, they are uploaded to the Google Drive servers in real time. In case you didn’t know when you first installed the Google Drive Desktop app on your Mac, it syncs with your Google account. Some Important Things to Know First About Google Drive In this guide, I will walk you through the steps to uninstall Google Drive from your Mac. But for those who have been using Google Drive and are planning to switch to iCloud, the process is pretty simple. And yes, there are workarounds to getting more Google Drive storage, since every account is tied to a Google account. For a free cloud storage solution, its 15GB limit for personal use should be enough for many users.īut for those who need more storage, Google offers another service which is Google One. It offers a good alternative for those who don’t want to be tied up with Apple’s iCloud+ storage service. Google Drive for Mac has been available for quite some time now. download_folder ( url, quiet = True, use_cookies = False ) # same as the above, but with the folder ID id = "15uNXeRBIhVvZJIhL4yTw4IsStMhUaaxl" gdown. cached_download ( url, output, md5 = md5, postprocess = gdown. download ( url = url, output = output, quiet = False, fuzzy = True ) # cached download with identity check via MD5 md5 = "fa837a88f0c40c513d975104edf3da17" gdown. download ( id = id, output = output, quiet = False ) # same as the above, and you can copy-and-paste a URL from Google Drive with fuzzy=True url = "" gdown. download ( url, output, quiet = False ) # same as the above, but with the file ID id = "0B9P1L-7Wd2vNm9zMTJWOGxobkU" gdown. Gdown github2pypi LICENSE MANIFEST.in pyproject.toml README.md setup.cfg setup.py testsįrom Python import gdown # a file url = "" output = "fcn8s_from_caffe.npz" gdown. $ # -fuzzy option also works with Microsoft Powerpoint files $ # download with fuzzy extraction of a file ID $ gdown 1l_5RK28JRL19wpT22B-DY9We3TVXnnQQ $ # same as the above but with the file ID Supports downloading from Google Drive folders (max 50 files per folder). If you use curl/wget, it fails with a large file because of Their construction allows you to work on your putting stroke indoors or on an actual green. These training aids are light and petite, making them easy to transport to the range and your office. The final gate is 4 inches wide and built to keep your ball on line when facing putts between 11 and 20 feet. In addition, the 3-inch gate guides your ball when you are 6 to 10 feet from the cup. The narrow 2-inch gate is to help you boost accuracy on putts ranging from 3 to 6 feet. GoSports includes three putting gates that extend 2, 3, and 4 inches wide, respectively. The GoSports Align Putting gate is an affordable setup that helps you deliver accurate putts from 3 to 20 feet from the flag. Golfers without the capital to invest in premium putting practice aids can still acquire efficient tools at a discount. Helps you reduce the risk of three putts.GoSports Align Putting Gate – Best Putter Alignment Aid On A Budget Now that you know our best golf putting aid, enlighten yourself with the all in all best golf training aids. I found the three trainers handled every aspect of my putting game, from alignment and posture to stroke and accuracy. Plus, it helps you align your eyes directly over the ball, promoting square shoulders and superior posture. In addition, the yellow trainer improves ball position and restricts your stroke for improved distance control.Ī mirror trainer is the final piece of the set and enables you to watch the path of your back and forward stroke for greater accuracy. The blue gate helps you square your putter face at impact to start the ball on the intended line. The Circuit trainer contains a blue, yellow, and mirror trainer designed to enhance every aspect of your putting stroke. In addition, Eyeline threw in 12 putting drills with video instructions to guide you to success on the green. I appreciated the inclusion of three putting trainers, which enabled me to work on my stroke path, line, and ball position. The Eyeline Golf Circuit Trainer beat the other putting training aids to claim the overall best prize for 2023. Enhances your distance control and accuracy. Eyeline Golf Circuit Trainer – Overall Best Putting Aid The 10 Best Putting Training Aids 2023 Edition 1. Smaller hole diameter improves your precision.Enables you to practice putting wherever you want.Includes 4 putting gates for improved accuracy.Provides relatively accurate green readings.The laser highlights where your putter face is aiming.Promotes consistent strikes out the sweet spot.Accurate measurements to the nearest yard.Quick Overview: Our Top 10 Best Putting Aids IMAGE Read more: The Best Training Aids on the Market We may earn an affiliate commission when you purchase something through our retail links. Our team has over 100 years of golf experience, has spent thousands of hours reviewing golf equipment, and has hand-picked these putting aids. We were not paid for the reviews in this article. Golfspan is independent and not pressured by manufacturers to recommend products. In addition, string guides guide your ball from the impact zone to the cup, while face clips promote a cleaner strike out of the sweet spot. Stroke path putting aids encourage a more consistent stroke to limit excessive rotation to square the face at impact. As a result, it promotes greater accuracy on all putts. Green reading devices sit behind your golf ball and advise which way the green breaks to improve your read. Putting mirror training aids enable you to view the path of your stroke for greater consistency. Putting training aids range from putting mirror aids, green reading, stroke path, string guides, and face clips. Visual aids can be really helpful to your putting. What Are The Different Types Of Putting Training Aids? It takes a few putts to identify the correct line.It does not assist your stroke path or distance control.The mirror trainer can be affected by glare.Helps you start your ball on the desired line.Promotes a square putter face at contact.Includes three putting gates for different distances.Promotes a square putter face at impact.The set covers every aspect of your putting game.Why should you consider getting a putting training aid?.Here is a brief rundown of what you can expect to learn in our best putting aids for 2023 post: Plus, I will dive into the features and benefits of training aids and how it adds value to your putting game. By the end of this post, you will know what the top 10 best putting aids for 2023 are and why you should consider snapping up one of these tools.Īt the end of this guide, you will understand if a putting mirror trainer, laser, or green reading aid is best for your game. The best putting aids do wonders for your stroke on the dancefloor as they boost accuracy, distance control, and green reading capabilities. Carlzon was also one of the founders of the Internet retail company CDON AB. SAS has never since flown aircraft with as large a capacity as it does not believe the flights would be profitable.Ĭarlzon left SAS in November 1993 and founded the investment company Ledstiernan in 1994 where he was chairman. At the same time increasing oil prices and a less than profitable first class operation led to SAS scrapping First Class on its intercontinental routes and retiring its Boeing 747s from service, a task completed in 1987. In the latter years of Carlzon's tenure at SAS he was coming under increased pressure from shareholders as competitors had caught up with the lead established by SAS in the business market in the early 1980s. The task of re-developing the corporate identity was later given to another firm. Incidentally, the other two Nordic countries, Finland and Iceland, are both republics and would therefore not be represented by crowns. This caused a huge public furore as SAS only contains the airlines of the three monarchies Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Unfortunately, either the brief to the agency, Landor Associates, was not good enough or they had misunderstood it and painted the plane with 5 crowns to symbolize the 5 Nordic countries. The changes at SAS led to Air Transport World naming SAS the Airline of the Year for 1983 in early 1984.Ĭarlzon also oversaw a complete corporate identity re-design, a process which was marred when a journalist gained unlawful access to a hangar with a plane painted in a proposed livery was photographed and widely published in Scandinavian newspapers. The American Management Association, in their 75th anniversary issue of their magazine in 1998 called this one of the most important developments in management of the 20th century. The flat organizational structure, delegation processes, and empowerment of employees adopted at SAS also led to Carlzon writing a book, Riv pyramiderna! ( Swe., which translates into Tear Down the Pyramids), published by Bonnier in Stockholm in 1985 and translated into English in 1987 by Harper Perennial under the title Moments of Truth. Scandinavian Service School since went on to establish offices in all three of the Scandinavian countries as well as Finland and the training program was exported to other airlines including British Airways and Japan Airlines. This decentralisation of the organization led to both a large boost in company morale and the formalization of the training methodology of the program in a joint venture in 1982 with TMI called Scandinavian Service School. Several case studies about the turn-around are available and it has been referenced widely in management literature These changes soon impacted the bottom-line as well and the company made a profit of $54 million in 1982. No front-line employee has to wait for a supervisor's permission.". Jan Carlzon said at the time: " Problems are solved on the spot, as soon as they arise. The program was focused on delegating responsibility away from management and allowing customer-facing staff to make decisions to resolve any issues on the spot. Within one year of taking over, SAS had become the most punctual airline in Europe and had started an ongoing training program called Putting People First developed by Claus Møller of Time Manager International ('TMI'). One of the first things Jan Carlzon did at SAS was to introduce the world's first separate cabin for Business Class while at the same time doing away with First Class on its European routes. He revolutionized the airline industry through an unrelenting focus on customer service quality. Furthermore, the company had a reputation for being a very centralized organization, where decisions were hard to come by to the detriment of customers, shareholders, and staff. 14 of 17 airlines in Europe when it came to punctuality. A 1981 survey showed that SAS was ranked no. Challenges at SAS Īt the time Jan Carlzon took over the helm of SAS, the company was facing large financial difficulties and losing $17 million per annum and had an international reputation for always being late. Carlzon joined the Scandinavian Airlines System in 1980 and served as its CEO from 1981. Carlzon was Product Manager at Vingresor AB from 1969 to 1971, Director of Marketing at Vingresor/Club 33 AB from 1971 to 1973, and finally CEO from 1974 to 1978. Career Ĭarlzon started his career in the international hospitality industry at Vingresor AB. He graduated with an MBA from the Stockholm School of Economics in 1967. Early life Ĭarlzon was born on 25 June 1941 in Nyköping, Sweden, the son of Gösta Carlzon and his wife Essie (née Jörgensen). He is most noted for being chief executive officer of SAS Group from 1981 to 1994. Jan Gösta Carlzon, né Karlsson (born 25 June 1941) is a Swedish businessman. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |